The Domain Name System (DNS) plays a crucial role in internet communication by translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses. Here's how it works:

Domain Names: Domain names are the familiar names used to identify websites (e.g., example.com). They are easier for humans to remember than IP addresses.
IP Addresses: Every device connected to the internet is assigned a unique numerical label called an IP address (e.g., 192.0.2.1). IP addresses are used to locate and identify devices on a network.
Translation: When you type a domain name into your web browser's address bar, such as "example.com," your computer needs to find the corresponding IP address to connect to the website. This is where DNS comes in.
DNS Servers: DNS servers act as a sort of internet directory. When you enter a domain name, your computer sends a request to a DNS server to find the corresponding IP address.
DNS Resolution: The DNS server looks up the domain name in its database. If it finds a match, it returns the corresponding IP address to your computer. If not, it forwards the request to other DNS servers until a match is found.
Caching: To speed up the process, DNS servers often store recently accessed mappings in their cache. This reduces the need to repeatedly search for the same domain names.
Routing: Once your computer has the IP address, it can establish a connection with the appropriate server hosting the website you requested.